Empowering Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Through Diabetic Foot Care Education for Ulcer and Skin Integrity Disorder Prevention

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that may lead to various complications, including peripheral neuropathy, impaired circulation, and diabetic foot ulcers. Limited knowledge and skills in independent foot care may increase the risk of wounds, infection, impaired skin integrity, and ultimately amputation. Foot care education and skills training represent practical empowerment strategies to improve patients’ ability to prevent diabetic foot complications.

Objective: This community service program aimed to improve the knowledge and skills of patients with diabetes mellitus in performing diabetic foot care to prevent ulcers and impaired skin integrity.

Methods: The program involved 30 patients with diabetes mellitus and consisted of health education, demonstrations, and guided practice on daily foot inspection, foot hygiene, safe nail care, appropriate footwear, skin care, early recognition of wounds and infection, and blood glucose monitoring. Evaluation was conducted using pre-test and post-test knowledge assessments and a foot-care skills checklist before and after the program.

Results: The mean knowledge score increased from 56.3 at pre-test to 87.0 at post-test. The proportion of participants demonstrating good foot-care skills increased from 40.0% before the program to 90.0% after the program. Participants also demonstrated improved ability to inspect their feet, maintain skin hygiene and moisture, select appropriate footwear, and recognize early signs of wounds and infection requiring professional health care.

Conclusion: Diabetic foot care education and skills training improved patients’ knowledge and practical skills in preventing ulcers and impaired skin integrity. Continuous education and routine monitoring should be promoted to strengthen patient self-care and prevent diabetic foot complications.