Empowering Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Through Education and Diabetic Foot Exercises for Blood Glucose Control

Eva Hasyiana

Authors

Eva Hasyiana Universitas Nurul Jadid, Indonesia Author

Keywords:

Blood Glucose, Diabetic Foot Exercise, Health Education, Patient Empowerment, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease requiring continuous self-management to maintain blood glucose levels and prevent complications. Insufficient physical activity and limited skills in performing independent exercise may hinder effective glycemic control. Diabetic foot exercises are simple activities that can be performed independently and may improve peripheral circulation while supporting blood glucose management.

Objective: This community service program aimed to improve the knowledge and skills of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in performing diabetic foot exercises and to support blood glucose control.

Methods: The program involved 30 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and consisted of health education, demonstrations, and guided practice of diabetic foot exercises. The exercises were conducted for 15–30 minutes per session over three meetings. Evaluation included pre-test and post-test knowledge assessments, a diabetic foot exercise skills checklist, and random blood glucose measurements before and after the program.

Results: The mean knowledge score increased from 57.3 at pre-test to 86.0 at post-test. The proportion of participants who were able to perform diabetic foot exercises correctly increased from 36.7% to 90.0%. The mean random blood glucose level decreased from 268.4 mg/dL before the program to 221.6 mg/dL after the program. Participants also demonstrated improved ability to independently perform diabetic foot exercises and better understanding of the importance of physical activity as part of diabetes self-management.

Conclusion: Education and diabetic foot exercise training improved patients’ knowledge and practical skills and supported a reduction in blood glucose levels among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Regular practice and continuous follow-up should be encouraged as part of patient empowerment for diabetes self-management.